WingTsun is the name of a Chinese martial art that specialises in quick and effective self defence. It is a unique fighting system comprised of interrelated principles, techniques and training methods.
While "Wing Chun" and "Ving Tsun" are generic names for the style of Kung-Fu as taught by the late Grandmaster Yip Man, "WingTsun" describes the art taught by his last closed door disciple, Grandmaster Leung Ting and his International WingTsun Association(IWTA).
The primary function of WingTsun is to provide a student with the skills necessary to defend themselves against an all-out attack by a stronger, larger and more aggressive opponent. This scenario is in contrast to martial aports where two athletes of similar size/weight agree to attack each other and where the winner is usually the one who has accumulated the most points. The distinction between the two is important as the characteristics of a self-defence situation are different to that of a competition.
While the goal of WingTsun is realistic self-defence, the practise of it brings about further benefits such as increased health and fitness, greater concentration, social interaction and the sheer pleasure of gaining proficiency in a fascinating martial art.
A WingTsun practitioner will defend themselves by counterattacking their opponent with rapid, powerful strikes using almost every part of the body. However students are also trained in the appropriate use of force so that a more gentle approach can be applied should the situation warrent it.
WingTsun is not limited to any one range but has strategies and techniques to cover all distances. This includes mid and low level kicks, short range punching, elbow and kneeing techniques, stand up grappling and groundfighting. Also included in the WingTsun syllabus are options against multiple attackers and weapons.
Rather than just a collection of easily forgotten and hard to apply techniques, WingTsun is instead based on principles. These principles enable the practitioner to follow a clear strategy when attacked and to determine the most appropriate technique to use. In short, when you follow principles, you learn how to think for yourself.
WingTsun follows the maxim, "attack is the best defence" and WingTsun strategy is based on this simple concept. This strategy acts as a guide for the WingTsun practitioner and is divided into stages with each stage ranked in order of importance. One could refer to this as Plan A, Plan B, etc.
Plan A: "If the way is clear, go forward"
When it is clear that someone means to attack us, rather than wait for our opponent to launch a strike, a WingTsun practitioner will move quickly towards their opponent to restrict their ability to punch/kick. At the same time the WingTsun practitioner will launch punches towards their opponent's head and kicks to their torso or knees.
Plan B: "If the way is obstructed, stick to your opponent"
However a situation may occur where your arms and legs, rather than reaching their target, make contact instead with the opponent's limbs. The WingTsun strategy at this point is to stick to your opponent with relaxed, forward pressure. This will enable you to detect the pressure and direction of your opponents force and take advantage of any gap in their defence.
Plan C: "If you meet superior strength, give way"
Should the opponent at this stage exert force either to strike you or to control your arms/legs, the WingTsun practitioner will not resist but will move their body slightly out of the danger zone and counterattack the gap in the opponents defence.
Plan D: "If your opponent withdraws, follow through"
If the opponent at any stage disengages then the WingTsun practitioner's arms and legs will spring forward to attack the opponent and it is back to Plan A again.
While this process is broken up into stages, in reality it all takes place in a matter of seconds. The key difference between the WingTsun approach and other options is the lack of decision making. A WingTsun practitioner has one intention. Attack the attacker! If the initial WingTsun attack does not succeed then it will adapt to whatever situation it finds itself in and continue attacking. All of this is done without conscious thought making reaction time faster. This is made possible by WingTsun's training methods.
Forms
These are sequences of movements which are practised alone. They contain all the movements/positions in WingTsun and like an encyclpedia they help to define the scope of what is included in the system. WingTsun forms do not contain techniques. Instead the individual movements are combined in a variety of ways according to WingTsun principles to form an unlimited amount of techniques. The forms help to develop coordination with different parts of the body moving in different directions while the body itself acts as one unit. Practise of the forms also prepares the student for more physical training by actively stretching specific muscle groups. The forms also act as mind maps with each movement backed up by a larger amount of underlying information such as principles, mottos, theories, etc. Therefore a lot of information is compressed into WingTsun's three empty hand forms which act as a reference point for all further training.Self-defence applications
Individual movements are taken from the forms and applied as self-defence techniques according to underlying principles. These applications/techniques are used to defend against all types of attacks such as kicks, punches, elbow/knee strikes, throws, locks, chokes, multiple attackers and defences against weapons.
Lat-Sau
Lat-Sau describes a drill involving two people where the self-defence applications can be practised at a higher intensity. Rather than one person stepping in with an attack only when the other person is ready, this drill keeps both people at a very close range where continuous attacks are delivered and defended against in a free flowing manner. One person acts as an attacker and feeds continuous attacks which the defender will react to within the cycle. These attacks are initially pre-determined and delivered at a slow speed however when the defender gains basic proficiency the pace is quickened and the strikes are varied until full force, random attacks can be successfully defended against. This hones the student's skills by keeping the defender focused and forces them to react with better timing. It also desensitises the student to the feeling of panic when confronted with fast, close range, random attacks which are a hallmarks of a real life assault.Chi-Sau
Chi-Sau, also known as sticky hands, has been described as the soul of WingTsun. It plays a crucial role in enabling the WingTsun practitioner to successfully implement the principles of sticking to the opponent, yielding to their greater force or following through if the force is withdrawn. It is an exercise where two people make contact with each others hands and move in a variety of directions. It allows the practitioners to detect the pressure and direction of their opponents force and from there take advantage of any openings to deliver a counterattack.
Students start off performing basic chi-sau with one hand. When they are comfortable with this then footwork is added. Students then learn double hand chi-sau which requires greater coordination and from there they will start to learn chi-sau sections. These sections are sequences of movements practised using chi-sau as a vehicle. The aim is to perform the movements in such a way so that they have a synergistic effect. i.e. The whole movement is greater than the sum of the individual parts. There are many chi-sau sections with each section having a separate focus or common thread. The sections should not be performed sequentially like a dance from beginning to end. They should be dissected with individual movements worked intensively. The sections themselves merely help to define the scope of each module and what area is being emphasised.
Chi-Gerk
Where chi-sau is an exercise for the hands, chi-gerk specifically trains the legs. Chi-Gerk is performed by two people, both of whom stand on one foot each. The other foot is raised and stuck to their opponent's leg with both practitioners attacking and defending against their opponents legs. The same principles of chi-sau are applied here, namely sticking to your opponents legs to feel the pressure and direction of their force and should the pressure be too strong, yielding to their force and counterattacking when an opening appears. The ultimate aim is to train both chi-sau and chi-gerk to such a degree so that once a WingTsun practitioner is attacked, they will use their arms and legs in a coordinated way to counterattack their opponent without conscious thought.Wooden Dummy Training
A WingTsun wooden dummy is a structure made out of wood which is used to practise a sequence of WingTsun movements. It is made of a central trunk from which smaller pieces emerge to act as arms and legs. The wooden dummy does not serve to toughen the student's limbs as some think. Instead it acts as a protractor to ensure the student uses the correct angle when performing movements. Should a student strike the wooden dummy at an incorrect angle they would hurt their arms. However if the correct angle is applied, the wooden dummy can be struck with full force without fear of injury. Training on the wooden dummy will allow the student to perform crisp, clean, powerful movements using the body as one unit.
Long Pole/Butterfly Knives
The WingTsun system contains training in these two types of weapons. The long pole originated from Hung-Gar Kung Fu style but was modified according to WingTsun principles and concepts. Training consists of a long pole form, applications, chi-kwun (sticky pole exercise) and conditioning exercises.
The WingTsun knives actually look like small swords however as they have a single edge, according to Kung-Fu terminology, they are called knives. They are called butterfly knives due to the shape they make when placed side by side and traditionally they could be hidden in the sleeves of practitioners. They are a formidable pair of weapons which act as an extension of the body so that the techniques mirror empty hand WingTsun movements. Therefore practise of the knives will improve the WingTsun students empty hand skills.
